| 10:00- |
- opening remarks
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| 10:05- |
- Development of child human FE models and application to research of injury mechanism at Toyota Motor Corporation
- Dr. Tsuyoshi Yasuki, Toyota Motor Corporation
- Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratory developed child human FE models of 3, 6, and 10 year old, which have similar bio-fidelity to adult human FE models of THUMS Version 4. These FE models were validated with test data in literatures published in around 2010.
Several applications using these child human FE models to researches of vulnerable road users are shown as examples of injury mechanism research that is difficult to simulate by physical tests using child ATDs.
The results using these child FE models suggested that flexibility of lumber spine and neck played significant factor of kinematic and injuries of child road users.
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| 10:50- |
- New release of THUMS Version 5 and 6 occupant models with muscle controller
- Dr. Masami Iwamoto, Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc.
- Toyota Central R&D Labs. Inc. (TCRDL) have developed a human body FE model called THUMS (Total HUman Model for Safety) with Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) to simulate gross motions and multiple injuries of human body during impacts. In 2017, TCRDL and TMC will newly release THUMS version 5 and 6 occupant models containing multiple 1D active muscles in whole body. The occupant models include three body sizes of AM50, AF05, and AM95. In new release of THUMS version 5 and 6, modeling of each muscle path is modified using LS-DYNA Keyword "Part_Averaged", and muscle activation of each muscle can be predicted using "Define_Curve_Function/PIDCTL option". The method to use the muscle controller and application examples using new release version of THUMS Version 5 occupant models will be presented.
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| 11:20- |
- Applications of THUMS within the European Project SENIORS
- Dr. Andre Eggers, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt)
- The EC funded project SENIORS focuses on the protection of elderly road users. The objective is to develop the required understanding of accident scenarios, injury mechanisms and risks and to implement these findings in test tools and criteria.
To increase the protection of elderly car occupants the THUMS model is used to update advanced frontal impact dummy based thoracic injury assessment criteria. The focus will be on low and moderate severity loading conditions, which are particularly of concern as the cause of the majority of serious thorax injuries to older car occupants.
Furthermore updated injury assessment tools for external road users such as pedestrians will be developed and validated. Simulations with the THUMS pedestrian model will contribute to the development of a revised legform impactor (FlexPLI) with an added upper body mass, a head-neck-impactor with and a thorax impactor.
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| 11:50- |
- Lunch
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| 13:00- |
- Human Body Modelling at VW Group Research
- Dr. Henry Paul Bensler, Volkswagen AG
- Toyota's THUMS models have been utilised at Volkswagen Group Research for several internal investigations as well as within external collaborative projects (e.g. the EC funded project SafeEV) for more than 5 years now. More and more, these models are also applied within the development departments as supplemental tool to the standard dummy models for certain analyses. Especially the need for an active Finite Element (FE) Human Body Model to enable for the simulation of the occupant's kinematics in the pre-crash phase forces a further enhancement of these models. Hence, an overview will be given on the current status of Volkswagen reactive THUMS under VPS crash code. An insight on the approach of hill-type muscles integration, muscle control as well as the validation of the reactive model will be given. Furthermore, an outlook regarding further needs for the enhancement and validation of the re-/active models as well as the need for omni-directional HBMs to address the new conditions coming up with autonomous driving will be discussed.
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| 13:45- |
- IAT-ProHMSiG - Positioning Process for Human Models
- Mr. Kai Ikels, IAT mbH
- Human models, especially the THUMS-family are about to become part of the standard vehicle development process. In restraint system development, they provide a vital link between ATD-based crash test optimization and expectable real-world effects.
In terms of ease of use and standardization of the seating and belt routing process for Dummy models, tools like IAT-ProDSiG allow a time and cost efficient application of various dummy models in defined crash simulation configurations.
To allow the same time and cost efficient use of Human Models in the development process,
ProDSiG was adapted, addressing the special biomechanical needs of human model positioning. Starting with the PamCrash model of THUMSv4, the mechanisms of human joints and articulations and their representation in the THUMS were analyzed, and the simulation model was adapted providing a pragmatic but biomechanically based motion of joints and articulations during the positioning process.
ProHMSiG, an interactive tool to position the models of THUMS family and care about the appropriate seat belt routing is developed. The current IAT-ProHMSiG tool allows to position THUMS V4 in all standard legal and consumer test setups.
Ongoing tool development activities are addressing potential relaxed occupant positions in various autonomous driving states. The ProHMSiG-tool enables the user to achieve positions ""down"" to a nearly flat laying occupant. The process is based on pre-simulation positioning using a ""string puppet"" approach.
The positioning process is demonstrated and it is explained how the THUMS pre-simulation model is structured. It is discussed how THUMS articulations are treated within the process, considering the biomechanical needs of human model positioning.
Starting with the lower extremities it is shown how the ankle joints (talotibial and talocalcaneal joint) are positioned with respect to biomechanical motion ranges and directions of these articulations. It will be shown what measures are taken to position the knee joint, especially looking into the tibiofemoral motion, the positioning of the patella and the mesh quality of the knee soft tissues and the patella tendon. Positioning the acetabulofemoral joints special attention is drawn to the mesh quality of the abdominal
soft tissues and the effect of the hip motion on inner organs in the THUMS model.
Looking into the upper extremities, positioning of the shoulder joint is discussed, regarding the wide motion ranges of this articulation and the effect on adjacent tissues and the ribcage. The elbow joints are positioned using an analytical kinematic joint approach, considering the degrees of freedom of the humeroulnar joint, the proximal radioulnar joint and the distal radioulnar joint as well. These joints are responsible not only for elbow flexion and extension but for hand rotation (pronation and supination) as well. The treatment of soft tissues and the elbow joint capsule are shown and limitations of this positioning approach are discussed. The wrist joint motion ranges in abduction/adduction and flexion/extension as driven by the connecting ligaments in the simulation model are shown.
Finally, the approach of positioning of the vertebral column is discussed, taking into account the effects on mesh quality of untensioned vertebral ligaments, the rib cage motion and the displacement of inner organs during the positioning process.
Special attention is drawn to the neck rotation in the atlanto-axial joint, providing a motion range in the simulation model of approx. 20 degrees in both directions.
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| 14:15- |
- THUMS Application for comfort analysis with J-SEATdesigner v2.5
- Dr. Noriyo Ichinose, JSOL Corporation
- J-SEATdesigner, developed by JSOL Corp., is integrated seat design system for LS-DYNA and provides seat design related features for automatice model setup, FE base dummy positioning and detailed seat modeling. Thanks to the detailed modeling of THUMS, THUMS can be used for not only crush analysis but also comfort analysis. Latest version of J-SEATdesigner supports automatic model setup for comfortability evaluation. In this presentation, new features for advanced seat modeling and comfort analysis setup in J-SEATdesigner will be introduced and some case studies for comfort analysis will be shown. this presentation shows pressure distribution with detailed seat model and random vibration analysis by explicit solver as case studies of comfortability evaluation.
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| 15:00- |
- THUMS in Far Side Impact Analysis
- Dr. Bengt Pipkorn, Autoliv Sverige AB & Autoliv Research
- The biofidelity of Autoliv THUMS in Far-Side loading (oblique) was evaluated by means of PMHS tests. Thereafter the THUMS model was used to evaluate the potential injury reducing benefits by far-side countermeasures. For the biofidelity evaluation kinematics and rib fractures from oblique sled tests with PMHS in 6 different configurations was compared to predictions from Autoliv THUMS model in corresponding configurations. A cora evaluation was carried out to evaluate the biofidelity. For the THUMS model to be considered biofidelic the cora score had to be greater than 0.67. In addition particular evaluation of the belt sliding across the upper body of the occupant was evaluated and compared.
Generally the kinematics of the PMHS was predicted by the THUMS model. The cora score was greater than 0.67 for all evaluated configurations but 1. In addition the rib fractures were predicted by the THUMS model. It was also found that the sliding of the belt across the upper body of the PMHS in the oblique load case was significantly influenced by the size of the abdomen of the PMHS. To continue evaluating the belt sliding across the upper body THUMS will be morphed to the anthropometry of the various PMHS used in the evaluation. The evaluated far-side airbag was found to significantly reduce the excursion of the occupant.
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| 15:30- |
- Closing Remarks
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